Papers

Ethanol is the IUPAC name for a simple alcohol with the CAS number 64-17-5 and the chemical formula C 2 H 6 O.

Methyl alcohol or methanol is an organic compound with chemical formula CH 4 O and CAS number 67-56-1. It is often called wood alcohol, wood naphtha or wood spirit because it was formerly produced via the destructive distillation of wood.

Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C 3 H 8 O and CAS number 67-63-0. The preferred IUPAC name of the chemical is propan-2-ol, though it is sometimes called rubbing alcohol, 2-propanol, isopropanol, s-propanol, iPrOH, dimethyl carbinol, or sec-propyl alcohol.

Ethyl acetate is a colorless liquid with sweet, fruity odor. This organic compound has chemical formula C 4 H 8 O 2 and CAS number 141-78-6.

Acetone is well known to the scientists for many centuries. It was produced for the first time by the alchemists in the Middle Ages by the distillation of metal acetates.

Toluene is an organic chemical compound considered as hydrocarbon since it has only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

he hydrocarbon we know at present days as benzene was first isolated in 1825 by English scientist Michael Faraday.

The chemical element aluminium is the most widespread metal on Earth, and the third most abundant element after oxygen and silicon yet it does not occur in nature in the pure state.

The chemical element magnesium belongs to the group of alkaline earth metals. It is the fourth most widespread element in the Earth and the eighth most abundant in Earth’s crust.

Iodine is a chemical element of the group 7 of the Periodic Table that is also known as halogen group. It is the second halogen discovered after chlorine and is considered the heaviest of stable halogens.

Petroleum ether is a mixture of the higher alkane hydrocarbons obtained as a fraction of petroleum. Despite its name, the substance does not belong to ether class.

Diethyl ether is an organic compound in the ether class. It is also widely known under its IUPAC name ethoxyethane, as well as under multiple synonyms, such as dether, ethyl ether, ethyl oxide, 3-oxapentane, diethyl oxide, solvent ether and sulfuric ether.

Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is an organic heterocyclic compound, known to the chemists under multiple names. Its preferred IUPAC name is oxolane, the systematic IUPAC names are 1,4-epoxybutane and oxacyclopentane

Potassium hydroxide is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula KOH and CAS number 1310-58-3. Its structure comprises an ionic bond between the hydroxyl anion and the potassium metal cation.

Sodium hydroxide is one of the most common inorganic bases. It is also known as caustic soda, lye, ascarite, white caustic and sodium hydrate. This ionic compound consists of sodium cation and hydroxide anion. Its chemical formula: NaOH, CAS№ 1310-73-2.

Hydrobromic acid or hydronium bromide is formed by adding hydrogen bromide to water. It is a strong mineral acid, due to the high electronegativity of bromine that, in its turn, causes the hydrogen-bromine bond to become ionized easily.

Orthophosphoric acid is also known as phosphoric acid according to IUPAC. The scientists add the prefix ortho-, in order to differentiate it from polyphosphoric acids. The other names of the compound are trihydroxylphosphine oxide and trihydroxidooxidophosphorus

Sulfuric acid (alternatively spelled sulphuric acid) is a mineral acid also known as oil of vitriol. This is one of the most important chemicals, since sulfuric acid has multiple applications and is produced in great amounts. Indeed, country’s production of this chemical is considered as an indicator of its industrial strength.

People know hydrochloric acid since ancient times. The first person to discover it was Jabir ibn Hayyan around 800 AD. Initially, it was produced by mixing rock salt and “green vitriol”, later from common salt and sulfuric acid.

Bromine is a naturally occurred chemical element that belongs to halogen group. At the room temperature, it is oily liquid with a pungent odor. The substance evaporates easily at standard temperature and pressure, and forms a reddish gas.

Dibutyl squarate is an organic chemical compound, derivative of squaric acid. It is a diesther and a cyclic ketone.

Piperine is a principal bio-active component of pepper. This natural alkaloid is that very element that gives pungency and biting taste to it.

Lanthanum chloride heptahydrate is an inorganic chemical compound.

Gold chloride trihydrate (chemical formula AuCl3H6O3) is solid crystals or lumps of yellow-orange color. It belongs to inorganic compounds with molar mass 357.362 g/mol. The substance is very soluble in alcohol and water, at the same time, it does not dissolve in ether, alkali and other metals. Melting point of this chemical is 254 °C.